import math
t=int(input())
for _ in range(t):
l=list(map(int,input().strip().split()))
a=l[0]
b=l[1]
c=int(math.log2(b))
print(c)
1622C - Set or Decrease | 1682A - Palindromic Indices |
903C - Boxes Packing | 887A - Div 64 |
755B - PolandBall and Game | 808B - Average Sleep Time |
1515E - Phoenix and Computers | 1552B - Running for Gold |
994A - Fingerprints | 1221C - Perfect Team |
1709C - Recover an RBS | 378A - Playing with Dice |
248B - Chilly Willy | 1709B - Also Try Minecraft |
1418A - Buying Torches | 131C - The World is a Theatre |
1696A - NIT orz | 1178D - Prime Graph |
1711D - Rain | 534A - Exam |
1472A - Cards for Friends | 315A - Sereja and Bottles |
1697C - awoo's Favorite Problem | 165A - Supercentral Point |
1493A - Anti-knapsack | 1493B - Planet Lapituletti |
747B - Mammoth's Genome Decoding | 1591C - Minimize Distance |
1182B - Plus from Picture | 1674B - Dictionary |